A person using a tablet on a wooden desk in a minimalist room, PECS communication system.

PECS for Communication: Visual Exchange System

Chad Sherman · on 24 July 2026 · 7 min read · Last reviewed 24 July 2026

PECS for communication is a visual exchange system that enables nonverbal individuals to express their needs and thoughts using picture symbols. In plain terms, it's like giving someone a visual vocabulary to "speak" when spoken words aren't an option.

PECS stands for Picture Exchange Communication System.
It was developed in 1985 by Lori Frost and Andy Bondy.
PECS is used by over 20,000 individuals worldwide, according to Pyramid Educational Consultants.
The system has six phases, ranging from simple exchange to sentence structure.

How does PECS for communication work?

To use PECS, individuals select pictures that represent what they want to say and give them to a communication partner. Here is the gist, it's a structured way to build communication skills using visual aids.

The first phase involves exchanging a single picture for a desired item. For example, a child might give a picture of an apple to a teacher to request an apple. Over time, individuals learn to use sentences, question forms, and even comment on their surroundings.

PECS is often used alongside other assistive speech software, such as Keeble Keyboard: Adaptive Typing Review or Word Boards: Customizable AAC Layouts, to enhance communication abilities. The system is highly customizable, allowing users to create personalized picture boards that cater to their specific needs and preferences.

PECS for Communication: Visual Exchange System

Who benefits from PECS for communication?

Communication systems like PECS are primarily used by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but they can also benefit people with aphasia, intellectual disabilities, and other conditions that affect speech. The short version, it's a tool designed for anyone who struggles with verbal communication.

According to the Autism Society, PECS is particularly effective for children with autism who have limited speech or language skills. It helps them develop communication skills, reduce frustration, and increase independence.

For nonverbal adults, PECS can be a lifeline, providing a way to express needs, wants, and thoughts. It's often used in conjunction with other communication apps for nonverbal adults, such as Proloquo2Go or TouchChat by Saltillo.

What are the phases of PECS for communication?

The PECS system consists of six phases, each building on the skills learned in the previous one. At its core, these phases guide users from simple exchanges to complex sentences.

Phase	Description
Phase I	How to: Exchange a single picture for an item or activity.
Phase II	Distance and persistence: The user learns to generalize the request across distances and with different people.
Phase III	Picture discrimination: The user learns to choose from multiple pictures to make a specific request.
Phase IV	Sentence structure: The user learns to construct simple sentences using an "I want" picture combined with a noun picture.
Phase V	Responsive requesting: The user learns to answer questions like "What do you want?" using their picture sentences.
Phase VI	Commenting: The user learns to comment on things in their environment using pictures, such as "I see a dog" or "I hear a car."

How to implement PECS for communication?

To implement PECS, you need a structured approach and the right materials. Put simply, it's about creating a visual language step by step.

Creating a communication book with picture symbols that represent items, activities, and desires relevant to the user is the first step. These pictures can be found in PECS kits or created using software like Word Boards: Customizable AAC Layouts.

Next, teach the user to exchange a single picture for an item or activity. Start with high-motivation items that the user really wants. Gradually increase the complexity of the exchanges, moving through the six phases of PECS.

Consistency is key. Practice PECS regularly and in various settings to help the user generalize the skill. Involve family members, teachers, and caregivers in the process to ensure the user has multiple opportunities to practice and reinforce their communication skills.

How much does PECS for communication cost?

Creating PECS can vary in cost depending on the materials and training required. The bottom line, it's an investment in communication that can pay off significantly.

Item	Cost
PECS Starter Kit	$99.95
PECS Phase III Expansion Kit	$49.95
PECS Phase IV Expansion Kit	$49.95
PECS Phase V Expansion Kit	$49.95
PECS Phase VI Expansion Kit	$49.95
Training and Consultation	Varies, typically $100-$200 per hour

According to Pyramid Educational Consultants, the PECS starter kit includes the basic materials needed to begin using the system. Additional expansion kits can be purchased as the user progresses through the phases. Training and consultation services are also available to help implement PECS effectively.

How to get an AAC device for free?

There are several ways to obtain an AAC device for free or at a reduced cost. In my experienceConsidering these alternatives can enhance the availability of assistive technology.

Many insurance plans cover AAC devices if they are deemed medically necessary. Check with your insurance provider to see if they offer coverage for speech-generating devices. You may need a prescription or evaluation from a speech-language pathologist.

Nonprofit organizations and charities, such as the United Way or local autism foundations, often provide grants or financial assistance for AAC devices. Research organizations in your area that support individuals with communication disabilities.

Some schools and educational programs provide AAC devices to students who need them. If you are a student or the parent of a student, talk to your school's special education team about accessing an AAC device through the school system.

What is the most popular AAC app?

Proloquo2Go, known for its comprehensive features and user-friendly interface, is the most popular AAC app. Put simply, it's a top choice for many nonverbal individuals and their communication partners.

Proloquo2Go offers a wide range of customizable vocabulary options, including thematic and grammatical features. It supports multiple languages and can be tailored to the user's specific communication needs. The app is available for both iOS and Android devices, making it accessible to a broad audience.

Another popular AAC app is TouchChat by Saltillo. TouchChat offers a variety of pre-programmed vocabulary sets and the ability to create custom pages. It also supports text-to-speech and has a user-friendly interface. TouchChat is available for iOS devices and offers a free version with limited features.

What is the speech assist app for free?

Several free speech assist apps are available for individuals who need alternative communication methods. Here is the gist, these apps provide a cost-effective way to enhance communication skills.

One popular free AAC app is Speech Assistant AAC. This app offers a customizable keyboard and a word prediction feature to help users communicate effectively. It also supports text-to-speech and can be used to create personalized phrase books.

Another free option is AAC apps for Android, such as CoughDrop. CoughDrop offers a variety of pre-made communication boards and the ability to create custom pages. It also supports text-to-speech and can be accessed from multiple devices, including tablets and smartphones.

For individuals who prefer a more structured approach, Grid by SmartBox offers a free trial version of their AAC app. Grid is known for its comprehensive features and user-friendly interface. It offers a wide range of vocabulary options and supports text-to-speech. The free trial allows users to explore the app's features before committing to a purchase.

How much does an AAC device cost?

AAC device costs can vary widely depending on the type and features of the device. The bottom line, it's important to consider both the upfront cost and the long-term benefits.

Low-tech AAC devices, such as communication boards and picture exchange systems, can cost as little as $20 to $50. These devices are often made of durable materials and can be customized to the user's specific needs.

High-tech AAC devices, such as speech-generating devices, can cost between $1,000 and $10,000 or more. These devices offer advanced features, such as text-to-speech, customizable vocabulary, and the ability to connect to other devices. The cost can vary depending on the brand, model, and features of the device.

When considering the cost of an AAC device, it's important to explore funding options, such as insurance coverage, grants, and financial assistance programs. Many organizations and nonprofits offer support for individuals who need assistive technology but cannot afford the upfront cost.

In my experience, investing in an AAC device can significantly improve the quality of life for nonverbal individuals. It provides a way to express needs, wants, and thoughts, fostering independence and communication skills.

Looking at related articles such as PECS for Autism: Implementation Strategies and Gestalt Language Processor: Natural Speech Path provides more information on PECS and other assistive speech software. These resources offer valuable insights and practical tips for implementing assistive technology effectively.

Frequently asked questions

What is PECS and who benefits from it?

PECS, or Picture Exchange Communication System, is a method for teaching functional communication skills to individuals with limited verbal abilities. Developed in 1985 by Lori Frost and Andy Bondy, it's widely used with autistic children and adults, as well as those with apraxia or other speech disorders. Users exchange picture cards for desired items, fostering independence and reducing frustration.

How does PECS differ from other communication methods?

Unlike sign language or speech-generating devices, PECS relies on visual symbols and direct exchange. It starts with simple picture requests, then progresses to sentence building and more complex communication. This tangible, hands-on approach can be especially effective for those who struggle with abstract concepts or technology.

Can PECS be used alongside other therapies?

Absolutely. PECS often complements speech therapy, occupational therapy, and behavioral interventions. Many practitioners integrate PECS into Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) programs or use it as a stepping stone to more advanced communication tools. The flexibility allows tailored use in schools, homes, or clinical settings.

What evidence supports PECS effectiveness?

Research shows PECS can significantly increase functional communication, reduce problem behaviors, and improve social interactions. A 2011 meta-analysis in *Exceptional Children* found that 90% of participants learned to use PECS effectively, with benefits extending to academic and daily living skills. However, success depends on consistent implementation and individual needs.